The Impact of Foreign Object Debris on Aircraft Safety

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) on runways poses a significant threat to aircraft safety and operational efficiency. FOD refers to any object that is located in an inappropriate location in the airport environment and has the potential to cause damage to aircraft or injury to personnel.

One of the most critical risks is the ingestion of debris into aircraft engines. This can lead to severe engine damage, including compressor blade damage, which can result in engine failure. The ingestion of even small objects can cause significant harm due to the high-speed rotation of engine components.

FOD can cut or puncture aircraft tires, leading to tire failure during takeoff or landing. Debris can strike the aircraft’s fuselage, wings, or control surfaces, causing dents, punctures, or even more severe structural damage. Such impacts can compromise the aircraft’s aerodynamic properties and structural integrity.

The financial implications of FOD are substantial. The aviation industry incurs costs exceeding in billion of US dollars annually due to FOD-related repairs, delays, and accidents. These costs include direct damage to aircraft, as well as indirect costs such as flight delays, cancellations, and increased maintenance requirements.

Regular Inspections like frequent runway inspections must be carried out to detect and remove debris. Use of advanced technologies like radar and electro-optical systems to continuously monitor runways for FOD exist today.

Maldivian temporarily halted its operations to Kooddoo Airport due to significant safety concerns regarding the deteriorating condition of the airport’s runway and apron. Loose gravel are FOD that already caused damage to two of Maldivian’s aircraft.

In response the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Authority and the airport operator, has launched a renovation project aimed at swiftly restoring the runway to operational standards. The presence of FOD on runways is a serious safety concern that requires diligent management and mitigation efforts.